MODERN ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS

MODERN ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS

PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS A Wiley-Interscience Series of Texts, Monograph, and Tracts Founded by RICHARD COURANT Editors: MYRON B. ALLEN III, DAVID A. COX, PETER LAX Editors Emeriti: PETER HILTON, HARRY HOCHSTADT, JOHN TOLAND A complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume.

MODERN ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS
Second Edition

WILLIAM J. GILBERT University of Waterloo Department of Pure Mathematics Waterloo, Ontario, Canada W. KEITH NICHOLSON University of Calgary Department of Mathematics and Statistics Calgary, Alberta, Canada

A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION

Cover: Still image from the applet KaleidoHedron, Copyright  2000 by Greg Egan, from his website http://www.netspace.net.au/∼gregegan/. The pattern has the symmetry of the icosahedral group. Copyright  2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada.